Rubella (German measles)

B06.0/B06.8-9

DESCRIPTION

Incubation period: 14–21 days. A viral infection with skin lesions that is less severe than measles and lasts only 3–4 days.

A maculopapular red rash starts on the face spreading to the trunk, arms and legs. It usually fades as it spreads.

Note: If cough, coryza or conjunctivitis are also present, it is essential to exclude measles. See case definition of measles ( Measles).

Clinical features include:

  • mild rash
  • swollen and tender lymph nodes behind the ears or at the back of the neck(suboccipital)
  • in adults, a small joint arthritis may occur

Note: Infection during the first or second trimester of pregnancy may lead to severe permanent deformities in the baby. All pregnant women should be referred for confirmation of diagnosis of rubella and counselling.

GENERAL MEASURES

  • Bed rest, if needed.
  • Isolate from pregnant women for 7 days after onset of the rash.

MEDICINE TREATMENT

Children

Adults

  • Paracetamol, oral, 1 g 4–6 hourly when required.
    • Maximum dose: 15 mg/kg/dose.
    • Maximum dose: 4 g in 24 hours.

REFERRAL

Urgent

  • Pregnant women with rubella.
  • Pregnant women who have been in contact with a patient with rubella.