| Level I | Good quality evidence |
Systematic review of RCTs with consistent findings High quality individual RCT |
| Level II |
Limited quality patient orientated evidence |
Systematic review of lower quality studies or studies with inconsistent findings Low quality clinical trial Cohort studies Case-control studies |
| Level III | Other |
Consensus guidelines, extrapolations from bench research, usual practice, opinion, disease-oriented evidence (intermediate or physiologic outcomes only), or case series |
[4] Sucrose: Stevens B, et. al. Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures. The Cochrane Collaboration. 2013. AND American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Surgery, Canadian Paediatric Society Fetus and Newborn Committee. Prevention and management of pain in the neonate: An update. Pediatrics. 2006; 118: 2231.