EML

3TC lamivudine
ABC abacavir
ACTH adrenocorticoid hormone
ADA adenosine deaminase
ADEM acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
ADH antidiuretic hormone
ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
ADR adverse drug reaction
AED antiepileptic drug
AFP acute flaccid paralysis
AI aortic incompetence
AIDP acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
ALP alkaline phosphatase
ALT alanine aminotransferase
AMAN acute motor axonal neuropathy
AMSAN acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy
ANA anti-nuclear antibody
AP anteroposterior
APH antepartum haemorrahge
APSGN acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome
ART antiretroviral therapy
ARV antiretroviral
ASA American Society of Anaesthesiology
ASD atrial septal defect
ASO antistreptolysin O
ASOT antistreptolysin O titre
AST aspartate aminotransferase
AVSD atrioventricular septal defect
AZT zidovudine
BCG Bacille Calmette-Guérin
BD twice daily
BHCG beta-human chorionic gonadotropin
BIPP bismuth iodoform paraffin paste
BMI body mass index
BP blood pressure
BSA body surface area
CA-MRSA community aquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
cART combination antiretroviral therapy
CBT cognitive behavioural therapy
CD4 cluster of differentiation 4
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CHD congenital heart disease
CIDP chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
CKD chronic kidney disease
CMP comprehensive metabolic panel
CMV cytomegalovirus
CNS central nervous system
COCs combined oral contraceptives
CPAP continuous positive airway pressure
CPP cerebral perfusion pressure
CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CRF chronic renal failure
CRP C-Reactive Protein
CRT capillary refilling time
CSF cerebrospinal fluid
CT computerized tomography
CVP central venous pressure
CVT cerebral venous thrombosis
d4T stavudine
DAT diphtheria antitoxin treatment
DC direct current
DEET diethyltoluamide
DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation
DKA diabetic ketoacidosis
dL decilitre
DMARDs disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
DMDD disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
DOT directly observed therapy
DPT diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
DR drug resistance
DRESS drug-induced rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
DSD disorders of sexual development
DSM diagnostic and statistical manual
DST drug susceptibility testing
E ethambutol
ECG electrocardiogram
eCrCl estimated creatinine clearance
EEG electroencephalogram
EFV efavirenz
ELISA enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
EMB ethambutol
ENT ear, nose and throat
EPI expanded programme on immunisation
ESPE extrapyramidal side effects
ESPGHAN European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition
ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate
ESRF end stage renal failure
ETAT emergency triage assessment and treatment
ETT endotracheal tube
FBC full blood count
FDA Food and Drug Administration
FDC fixed dose combination
FDP freeze dried plasma
FEV forced expiratory volume
FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 second
FFP fresh frozen plasma
FiO2 fraction of inspired oxygen
FLACC face, legs, activity, cry, consolability
FSGS focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
g gram
G6PD glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
GABA gamma aminobutyric acid
GAD generalised anxiety disorder
GBS Guillain-Barre' syndrome
GCS glasgow coma scale
GEFS+ genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus
GFR glomerular filtration rate
GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase
GIT gastrointestinal tract
GMP Good Manufacturing Practice
GORD gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
GTCS generalised tonic-clonic seizures
H isoniazid
Hb haemoglobin
HbA1C glycosylated haemoglobin, type A1C
HBV hepatitis B virus
HCV hepatitis C virus
HCV head circumference
Hib haemophilus influenza type B
HIE hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy
HIV human immunodeficiency virus
HLA human leukocyte antigen
HMD hyaline membrane disease
HSP Henoch-Schönlein purpura
HSV herpes simplex virus
HT hypertension
IAS intra-articular steroids
ICHD International Classification of Headache Disorders
ICP intracranial pressure
ICU intensive care unit
IE infective endocarditis
IgE Immunoglobulin E
IgG immunoglobulin G
IgM immunoglobulin M
ILAE International League against Epilepsy
IM intramuscular
IMCI Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
IMI intramuscular injection
INH isoniazid
INR international normalised ratio
IO intraosseous
IPT isoniazid prevention therapy
IRDS infant respiratory distress syndrome
IRIS immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
ITP immune thrombocytopaenic purpura
IU international unit
IUCDs intra-uterine contraceptive device
IV intravenous
J joule
JIA juvenile idiopathic arthritis
JVP jugular venous pressure
KDQOI Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative
kg kilogram
kJ kilojoule
L litre
LABA long-acting beta agonist
LDH lactate dehydrogenase
LDL low-density lipoprotein
LDL-C low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol
LFTs liver function tests
LGE lineal gingival erythema
LGS Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
LIP lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis
LMWH low molecular weight heparin
LOC loss of consciousness
LoE level of evidence
LP lumbar puncture
LPV/r lopinavir/ritonavir
LTB laryngotracheobronchitis
MAC mycobacterium avium complex
MAS meconium aspiration syndrome
MCNS minimal change nephrotic syndrome
MCS microscopy, culture, sensitivity
MCUG micturating cystourethrogram
MCV meningococcal conjugate vaccine
MDD major depressive disorder
MDI metered-dose inhaler
MDR multi-drug resistant
mg milligram
MI mitral incompetence
mL millilitre
mmol millimole
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MTB mycobacterium tuberculosis
NAC N-acetyl cysteine
NAS neonatal abstinence syndrome
NEC necrotising enterocolitis
NGAs nasogastric aspirates
NGT nasogastric tube
NHLS National Health Laboratory Service
NICD National Institute for Communicable Diseases
NIMART nurse-initiated and managed antiretroviral therapy
NMS neuroleptic malignant syndrome
NNRTIs non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
NNT number needed to treat
NRTIs nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
NS nephrotic syndrome
NSAIDs nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
NTS non-typhoid salmonella
NVP nevirapine
OCD obsessive compulsive disorder
ODD oppositional defiant disorder
OME otitis media with effusion
ORS oral rehydration solution
PA posteroanterior
PA pulmonary atresia
PaCO₂ partial pressures of carbon dioxide
PAIR percutaneous puncture aspiration injection
PANDAS paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections
PCR polymerase chain reaction
PCV pneumococcus conjugate vaccine
PDA patent duct arteriosus
PEA pulseless electrical activity
PEF peak expiratory flow
PEFR peak expiratory flow rate
PGL persistent generalised lymphadenopathy
PHC primary healthcare
PI protease inhibitor
PJP pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
PML progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
PMTCT prevention of mother to child transmission
PN parenteral nutrition
PPHN persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
PPN partial parenteral nutrition
PPV pneumococcus polysaccaride vaccine
PT prothrombin time
PTB pulmonary tuberculosis
PTSD post traumatic stress disorder
PTT partial thromboplastin time
PZA pyrazinamide
R rifampicin
RBC red blood cell
RF rheumatoid factor
rHuEPO recombinant human erythropoietin
RIG rabies immunoglobulin
RNA nribonucleic acid
ROP retinopathy of prematurity
RPR rapid plasma reagin
RSTI repeated supratherapeutic ingestion
SAM severe acute malnutrition
SANCA South African National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence
SaO₂ Oxygen saturation
SC subcutaneous
SD standard deviation
SE status epilepticus
SIADH syndrome ofinappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
SIDS sudden infant death syndrome
SJS Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
SMEI severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy
SAHPRA South African Health Products Regulatory Authority
SSRI selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors
SSS sugar and salt solution
STI sexually transmitted infection
SUD substance use disorders
TA tricuspid atresia
TB tuberculosis
TB tuberculous meningitis
TC total cholesterol
TCA tricyclic antidepressants
Td tenus, diphtheria
TDF tenofovir
TEN toxic epidermal necrosis
TG triglycerides
TGA transposition of great arteries
TIG tetanus immunoglobulin
TOF tetralogy of fallot
TPN total parenteral nutrition
TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone
TST tuberculin skin test
TT tetanus toxoid
TTN transient tachypnoea of the newborn
U&E urea and electrolytes
UCT University of Cape Town
UFH unfractioned heparin
URTI upper respiratory tract infection
UTI urinary tract infection
VL viral load
VLDL very low-density lipoprotein
VP ventriculoperitoneal
VSD ventricular septal defect
WHO World Health Organisation
Wt - weight
XDR extensively drug-resistant
Z pyrazinamide

Abbreviations